Tuesday, 22 October 2019

Horace on Actium - 1.37

What does he say specifically about the role of Augustus at Actium?

  • That Augustus was personally instrumental in the victory over Cleopatra "hawk against a gentle dove" and "Caesar pursued her from Italy"
  • Paints Augustus as the defender of Rome "The maddened queen was plotting demented ruin of the capitol"

What does he specifically say about the role of the gods?

  • Compares the victory festival to "feasts worthy of the Salii" (priests who worshiped the gods through festival and dance)
  • "decks the couches of our gods" - compares the celebrations to a religious ceremony
  • Implies that the gods were on Augustus' side and that he was fighting for the defence of Roman civilisation

How does he promote the official propaganda line?

  • Exaggerates the importance of the victory - "draw out the Caecuban" (a very expensive wine that would be saved for the most special occasions
  • Promotes the idea that if the Romans lost, it would be conquered by Egypt and Cleopatra - "planning our empire's funeral rites"
  • Downplays the civil war aspect - contrasts the Caecuban wine with "Mareotic wine"
  • "Doom laden monster"
  • "Contaminated crew of men"

What does he fail to mention about Actium?

  • No mention of Mark Antony
  • The fact that many Roman lives were lost
  • No mention of Agrippa
  • The fact that Augustus used the victory to seize power

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